Name: Bridge Engineering By Rangwala
SKU: 9789385039720
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Description

Bridge Engineering is a specialised subject within the discipline of Transportation Engineering, which deals with the concepts of bridge engineering, bridge components, various bridge foundations, various types of bridges, testing, strengthening and maintenance of bridges etc., and much more. In this seventeenth revised and enlarged edition, plenty of new matter and figures have been added as per the latest syllabus of different universities of India moreover the permutation of some of the sporadic matters have been made to collocate the topics in order.

According to new order of chapter sequence, topics of the subject arranged as per following:

Chapter 1 deals with introduction of bridge engineering, importance, history of development of bridges, selection of bridge site, preliminary and final bridge project drawings, choice of bridge types, bridge alignment and many more topics.
Chapter 2 explains bridge components and other parameters such as bridge approaches, requirements of highway bridges, economic span of bridge, afflux, clearance and free board, flood discharge, joints of bridge, river training works, I.R.C. guideline codes etc.
Chapter 3 and 4 discuss in detail various bridge foundations such as spread and pile foundation also caissons and cofferdams respectively.
Chapter 5 gives details about sub-structures such as abutments, piers and wind walls.
Chapter 6 through 10 deal with classification of bridges such as bridges as per material used; position of bridge floor; inter span relations; type of super-structure, etc.
Chapter 11 through 13 deal with low cost bridges such as movable-span bridges, culverts and causeways and timber or temporary bridges.
Chapter 14 discusses the miscellaneous types of bridges.
Chapter 15 elaborates design loads and stresses on bridges.
Chapter 16 elucidates the topics on bridge flooring.
Chapter 17 focuses on bridge bearings.
Chapter 18 discusses construction and erection of bridges.
Chapter 19 deals with testing, strengthening and maintenance of bridges.

Appendix highlights some of the Marvellous Bridges of the world.

The book is divided into nineteen well-arranged chapters: therein it contains —

* 227 Self-explanatory and neatly drawn sketches;
* 10 Illustrative problems;
* 23 Important useful tables;
* 294 Typical questions at the end of the chapters.

The book should prove to be extremely useful to the Civil Engineering students preparing for the Degree Examinations of all the Indian Universities, Diploma Examinations conducted by various Boards of Technical Education, Certificate Courses as well as for the A.M.I.E., U.P.S.C., G.A.T.E., I.E.S. and other similar competitive and professional examinations. It should also prove of interest to the practising professionals.

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Content

1 : INTRODUCTION
2 : BRIDGE COMPONENTS AND OTHER PARAMETERS
3 : BRIDGE FOUNDATION – I SPREAD AND PILE FOUNDATION
4 : BRIDGE FOUNDATION – II CAISSONS AND COFFERDAMS
5 : SUB-STRUCTURES
6 : CLASSIFICATION OF BRIDGES
7 : BRIDGES AS PER MATERIAL USED
8 : BRIDGES AS PER POSITION OF BRIDGE FLOOR
9 : BRIDGES AS PER INTER SPAN RELATIONS
10 : BRIDGES AS PER TYPE OF SUPER-STRUCTURE
11 : MOVABLE-SPAN BRIDGES (LOW COST BRIDGES)
12 : CULVERTS AND CAUSEWAYS (LOW COST BRIDGES)
13 : TIMBER OR TEMPORARY BRIDGES (LOW COST BRIDGES)
14 : MISCELLANEOUS TYPES OF BRIDGES
15 : DESIGN LOADS AND STRESSES ON BRIDGES
16 : BRIDGE FLOORING
17 : BRIDGE BEARINGS
18 : CONSTRUCTION AND ERECTION OF BRIDGES
19 : TESTING, STRENGTHENING AND MAINTENANCE OF BRIDGES
APPENDIX : SOME MARVELLOUS BRIDGES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX

Details Content

Page 1

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1-1. General
1-2. Importance of bridges
1-3. History of development of bridge
(1) Arch bridges
(2) Suspension bridges
(3) Simply supported bridges
(4) Truss and girder bridges
1-4. Requirements of an ideal bridge
1-5. Selection of bridge site
(1) Connection with roads
(2) Freeboard
(3) Firm embankments or river banks
(4) Foundations
(5) Large tributaries
(6) Materials and labour
(7) Minimum obstruction to waterway
(8) Right-angle (square) crossing
(9) Scouring and silting
(10) Straight stretch of river
(11) Velocity of flow
(12) Width of river
1-6. Preliminary data to be collected for bridge project
1-7. Stages of investigation
(1) Reconnaissance or technical feasibility stage
(2) Preliminary or techno-economic feasibility stage
(3) Detailed survey and project report stage
1-8. Preliminary and final project drawings
(1) Catchment area map
(2) Contour plan
(3) Cross-sections
(4) Index map
(5) Longitudinal section
(6) Soil profile
1-9. Identification of bridges
1-10. Choice of bridge type
(1) Approaches
(2) Availability of funds
(3) Climatic conditions
(4) Economy in construction
(5) Foundations
(6) Navigational requirements
(7) Specialized firm
(8) Type of traffic
1-11. Bridge Alignment
(1) Alignment on curve
(2) Control of highest flood level
(3) Effects of silting and scouring
(4) Layout of approaches
(5) River training works
(6) Skew bridges
1-12. Bridge architecture
(1) Construction
(2) General design
(3) Landscaping
(4) Light and shade
(5) Lines and edges
(6) Proportioning
(7) Railings
(8) Simplicity
1-13. Combined road and railway bridges
(1) Airlock equipment
(2) Alignment
(3) Foundations
(4) High tensile steel
(5) Lighting on road
(6) Section
(7) Super-structure
(8) Total length
1-14. Double-decker bridge
1-15. Changing Scenario in Design and Construction of bridges
QUESTIONS 1CHAPTER 2 BRIDGE COMPONENTS AND
OTHER PARAMETERS

2-1. Components of a bridge
(1) Sub-structure
(2) Super-structure
(3) Adjoining structures
2-2. Bridge Approaches
(1) Borrow pits
(2) Construction

(3) Cost
(4) Curvature
(5) Extension of bridge
(6) Gradient
(7) Joint walls
(8) Maintenance
(9) Width and length
2-3. Requirements of highway bridges
(1) Alignment
(2) Central verge
(3) Footpath
(4) Lighting
(5) Parapets and handrails
(6) Roadway width
(7) Safety kerbs
(8) Stopping sight distance (SSD)
2-4. Length of a bridge
2-5. Grip Length
2-6. Economic span of a bridge
(1) Definition
(2) Assumptions
(3) Exceptions
2-7. Number of spans of a bridge
(1) Alternative proposals
(2) Foundations for piers
(3) Odd number of spans
(4) Span
2-8. Afflux
(1) Definition
(2) Importance
(3) Height of afflux
2-9. Clearance and freeboard
(1) Definition
(2) Necessity
(3) Provisions
2-10. Maximum flood discharge or high flood level (H.F.L.)
2-10-1. Direct method of calculating the maximum flood discharge
(1) Measurement of area
(2) Measurement of velocity of flow
2-10-2. Indirect method of calculating the maximum flood discharge
(1) Rational method
(2) Use of empirical formulae
2-11. Linear Waterway of a bridge
2-12. Joints of bridge
(1) Construction joints
(2) Expansion and contraction joints
2-13. Handrails
(1) Panel slab and post systems
(2) Post and rail systems
2-14. River Training works
(1) Objects
(2) Methods
2-15. I.R.C. guide line code
QUESTIONS 2CHAPTER 3 BRIDGE FOUNDATION – I
SPREAD AND PILE FOUNDATION

3-1. General
3-2. Essential requirements of a good foundation
(1) Location
(2) Stability
(3) Settlement
3-3. General principles of design of bridge foundations
(1) Bearing capacity of soil
(2) Frictional resistance
(3) Scour depth
3-4. Subsoil exploration
(1) Test pits
(2) Probing
(3) Auger boring
(4) Wash boring
(5) Test piles
(6) Deep boring
(7) Geophysical method
3-5. Testing of soil samples
(1) Plate bearing test
(2) Standard penetration test (SPT)
(3) Vane shear test

Page 2

3-6. Types of foundations
3-7. Spread foundations
3-8. Pile foundations
3-9. Requirements for pile foundation
3-10. Types of piles
3-11. Load bearing piles
(1) Bearing piles
(2) Friction piles
3-12. Materials used in construction of load bearing piles
3-13. Cast-iron piles
(1) Advantages of cast-iron piles
(2) Disadvantages of cast-iron piles
3-14. Cement concrete piles
3-14-1. Cast-in-situ concrete piles
(1) Cased cast-in-situ concrete piles
(2) Uncased cast-in-situ concrete piles
3-14-2. Pre-cast concrete piles
(1) General
(2) Casting of the pre-cast concrete piles
(3) Advantages and disadvantages of pre-cast concrete piles
(4) Underwater repairs of pre-cast concrete piles
3-15. Sand piles
3-16. Steel piles
(1) H-beam piles
(2) Box piles
(3) Tube piles
3-17. Timber piles
3-18. Wrought-iron piles
3-19. Non-load bearing piles
(1) Concrete sheet piles
(2) Steel sheet piles
(3) Timber sheet piles
3-20. Choice of type of pile
3-21. Composite piles
3-22. Screw piles
3-23. Pulling of piles
(1) Use of double-acting steam hammers
(2) Use of pile extractors
(3) Use of tongs
(4) Use of vibrators
(5) Use of electricity
3-24. Loads on piles
3-25. Causes of failures of piles
QUESTIONS 3CHAPTER 4 BRIDGE FOUNDATION – II
CAISSONS AND COFFERDAMS
CAISSONS4-1. General
4-2. Uses of caissons
4-3. Cofferdam and caisson
4-4. Materials used for the construction of caissons
(1) Cast-iron
(2) Reinforced cement concrete
(3) Steel
(4) Timber
4-5. Classification of caissons
4-6. Box caissons
(1) Construction of a box caisson
(2) Conditions favourable for the construction of a box caisson
(3) Points to be noted in case of a box caisson
4-7. Wells
(1) Single wells
(2) Multiple wells or monoliths
(3) Cylinders
4-8. Pneumatic caissons
4-9. Construction of a pneumatic caisson
4-10. Pneumatic caisson sickness
(1) Cause of caisson sickness
(2) Precautions to be taken to avoid caisson sickness
4-11. Drilled caissons
(1) Bell
(2) Shaft
(3) Cap
4-12. Methods of construction of drilled caisson
(1) Hand excavation method
(2) Machine drilled caisson
4-13. Precautions during construction of drilled caisson
4-14. Loads on caisson
(1) Vertical loads
(2) Lateral loads
(3) Sinking loads

4-15. Floating of caissons
(1) Construction of dry dock
(2) Floating from bank
(3) Turning of caissons
(4) Use of compressed air
4-16. Cutting edges
(1) Cutting edges with sharp ends
(2) Cutting edges with blunt ends
4-17. Factors affecting the choice of a cutting edge
4-18. Skin friction
4-19. Sand blowing
4-20. Methods to facilitate the sinking of caissons
(1) Air and water jets
(2) Blasting
(3) Loading
(4) Sand island
4-21. Tilting of caissons
COFFERDAMS
4-22. General
4-23. Uses of cofferdams
4-24. Types of cofferdams
(1) Dikes
(2) Single wall cofferdams
(3) Double wall cofferdams
(4) Cellular cofferdams
(5) Rock-filled crib cofferdams
(6) Concrete cofferdams
(7) Suspended cofferdams
4-25. Prevention of leakage in cofferdams
4-26. Puddle for cofferdam
4-27. Factors affecting design of a cofferdam
QUESTIONS 4CHAPTER 5 SUB-STRUCTURES

5-1. General
5-2. Abutments
(1) Definition
(2) Functions
(3) Types
(4) Forces acting on an abutment
(5) Conditions of stability
(6) Dimensions
5-3. Piers
(1) Definition
(2) Function
(3) Types
(4) Forces acting on a pier
(5) Conditions of stability
(6) Dimensions
(7) Location
(8) Abutment pier
5-4. Wing walls
(1) Definition
(2) Functions
(3) Types
(4) Forces acting on a wing wall
(5) Conditions of stability
(6) Dimensions
(7) Precautions
5-5. Setting out for piers and abutments
(1) Bench marks
(2) Positions of reference points
(3) Principal reference lines
(4) Replacing original points
5-6. Materials for sub-structures
(1) Cement concrete
(2) Masonry
(3) Steel
QUESTIONS 5CHAPTER 6 CLASSIFICATION OF BRIDGES

6-1. Classification of bridges
QUESTIONS 6

CHAPTER 7 BRIDGES AS PER MATERIAL USED

7-1. General
7-2. R.C.C. and pre-stressed cement concrete bridges
7-3. Brick or stone masonry bridges
7-4. Steel bridges
7-5. Timber bridges
7-6. Composite bridges
QUESTIONS 7

Page 3

CHAPTER 8 BRIDGES AS PER POSITION OF BRIDGE FLOOR

8-1. General
8-2. Bridges as per position of bridge floor
(1) Deck bridges
(2) Through bridges
(3) Semi-through bridges
QUESTIONS 8CHAPTER 9 BRIDGES AS PER INTER SPAN RELATIONS9-1. General
9-2. Continuous bridges
(1) Facilities for erection
(2) Hard soil
9-3. Cantilever bridges
QUESTIONS 9

CHAPTER 10 BRIDGES AS PER TYPE OF SUPER-STRUCTURE

10-1. General
10-2. Arch bridges
(1) General
(2) Classification of bridge arches
(3) Advantages of arch bridges
(4) Disadvantages of arch bridges
10-3. Bow-string girder type bridges
(1) R.C.C. bow-string girder bridge
(2) Steel bow-string girder bridge
10-4. Rigid frame bridges
(1) R.C.C. portal frame
(2) Steel portal frame
10-5. Suspension bridges
(1) General
(2) Classification of suspension bridges
(3) Types of suspension bridges
(4) Advantages and disadvantages of suspension bridges
10-6. Cable-stayed bridges
10-7. Cable sheath in cable stayed bridge
(1) Principal function of cable sheath
(2) Properties required for cable sheath material
(3) Corrosion protection of cable-stayed bridges
10-8. Salient features of various cable stayed bridges
(1) Akashi Kaikyo bridge
(2) Hooghly cable-stayed bridge
(3) Haridwar cable-stayed road bridge
QUESTIONS 10

CHAPTER 11 MOVABLE-SPAN BRIDGES (LOW COST BRIDGES)

11-1. Low cost bridges
11-2. Movable-span super-structures
11-3. Bascule bridges
11-4. Cut-boat bridges
11-5. Flying bridges
11-6. Lift bridges
(1) Number of towers
(2) Construction
(3) Overhead trusses
(4) Span
(5) Wind pressure
11-7. Swing bridges
(1) Flooring
(2) Locking arrangements
(3) Position of pier
11-8. Transporter bridges
11-9. Traversing bridges
QUESTIONS 11

CHAPTER 12 CULVERTS AND CAUSEWAYS (LOW COST BRIDGES)

12-1. Definition
12-2. Waterway of a culvert
(1) For catchment area upto 40 hectares
(2) For catchment area from 40 to 280 hectares
12-3. Types of culverts
(1) Arch culverts
(2) Box culverts
(3) Pipe culverts
(4) Slab culverts
(5) Scuppers
12-4. Causeways
(1) Definition
(2) Types
(3) Necessity
(4) Conditions to be satisfied
(5) Data to be collected
(6) Design of H.L.C.
QUESTIONS 12

CHAPTER 13 TIMBER OR TEMPORARY BRIDGES (LOW COST BRIDGES)

13-1. Definition
13-2. Materials used
13-3. Fastenings used
13-4. Types of timber or temporary bridges
13-5. Bridges with intermediate supports
(1) Crates
(2) Cribs
(3) Pile bents
(4) Trestles
13-6. Bridges without intermediate supports
(1) Cantilevers
(2) Suspension bridges
(3) Trusses
13-7. Floating bridges
(1) Boat bridges
(2) Pontoon bridges
(3) Raft bridges
QUESTIONS 13CHAPTER 14 MISCELLANEOUS TYPES OF BRIDGES14-1. Bridges According to flexibility of super-structure
(1) Fixed span super-structure
(2) Movable span super-structure
14-2. Bridges According to the alignment
14-3. Bridges According to level of crossing of highways and railways
(1) Over bridge
(2) Under bridge
14-4. Bridges According to method of connections adopted for different parts of super structure
(1) Pinned connection bridge
(2) Riveted connection bridge
(3) Welded connection bridge
14-5. Bridges According to the function of a bridge
(1) Aqueduct bridge (canal over a river)
(2) Viaduct (road or railway over a valley or river)
(3) Pedestrian bridge
(4) Highway bridge
(5) Railway bridge
(6) Road-cum-rail or pipe line bridge
14-6. Bridges according to the degree of redundancy
(1) Determinate bridge
(2) Indeterminate bridge
14-7. Bridges according to the loading
QUESTIONS 14

CHAPTER 15 DESIGN LOADS AND STRESSES ON BRIDGES

15-1. General
15-2. Buoyancy pressure
15-3. Centrifugal forces
(1) Road bridges
(2) Railway bridges
15-4. Dead load
(1) Unwin’s formula
(2) American formula for plate girders
(3) American formula for trusses
(4) R.C.C. arches
(5) R.C.C. slab bridges upto 6 m span
(6) R.C.C. slab and T beam bridges
15-5. Deformation stresses
15-6. Earth pressure
15-7. Erection stresses
15-8. Impact load
(1) For road bridges
(2) For railway bridges
15-9. Live load
(1) For road bridges
(2) For railway bridges
15-10. Longitudinal forces
(1) For road bridges
(2) For railway bridges
15-11. Secondary stresses
(1) In case of R.C.C. structures
(2) In case of steel structures
15-12. Seismic load
15-13. Temperature variation forces
(1) Concrete structures
(2) Metal structures
(3) Temperature variation
15-14. Water pressure
15-15. Wind load
(1) For road bridges
(2) For railway bridges
15-16. Design of bridge foundations
15-17. Forces acting on different components of a bridge
(1) Forces acting on foundation
(2) Forces acting on abutments
(3) Forces acting on piers
(4) Forces acting on wing walls
(5) Forces acting on super-structures
QUESTIONS 15

Page 4

CHAPTER 16 BRIDGE FLOORING

16-1. General
16-2. Factors affecting the choice of Flooring material
16-3. Requirements of a good flooring material
16-4. Types of floors
(1) Open floors
(2) Solid floors
16-5. Flooring materials
(1) Jack arch
(2) Mild steel buckle plates
(3) Mild steel plates
(4) Mild steel troughs
(5) Reinforced cement concrete
(6) Timber
16-6. Drainage of floors
QUESTIONS 16

CHAPTER 17 BRIDGE BEARINGS

17-1. Definition
17-2. Purposes or functions of bearings
17-3. Importance of bearings
17-4. Free and fixed bearings
17-5. Types of bearings
(1) Cement mortar pad
(2) Expansion bearing
(3) Knuckle bearing
(4) Rocker and roller bearing
(5) Rocker bearing
(6) Rubber bearing
(7) Neoprene bearing pads
(8) Sliding bearing
(9) Sole plate on curved bed plate bearing
(10) Tar paper bearing
(11) Pin bearing
(12) Pot bearing
(13) Laminated elastomeric bearing
17-6. Materials for bearings
17-7. Bed blocks
17-8. Maintenance of bearings
QUESTIONS 17

CHAPTER 18 CONSTRUCTION AND ERECTION OF BRIDGE

18-1. General
(1) Centering
(2) Field forces
(3) Machinery
(4) Measurement of span
(5) Selection of method
18-2. Erection of steel girders
(1) Building out from supports
(2) Floating
(3) Lifting
(4) Rolling
(5) Staging
18-3. Erection of steel truss bridges
(1) First stage
(2) Second stage

(3) Third stage
(4) Fourth stage
18-4. Erection of suspension bridges
(1) Erection of towers
(2) Erection of suspenders
(3) Erection of catwalks
(4) Erection of stiffening trusses
(5) Erection of flooring system
18-5. Construction of pre-stressed concrete super-structure
18-6. Erection of R.C.C. and pre-stressed girder bridges
(1) Cast-in-situ construction on staging
(2) Segmental cantilever construction using cast-in-situ or precast segments
(3) Span by span method
(4) Incremental launching method
(5) Movable form system or movable scaffold system
18-7. Formwork for arch bridges
(1) Good features
(2) Types
QUESTIONS 18CHAPTER 19 TESTING, STRENGTHENING AND
MAINTENANCE OF BRIDGES19-1. General
19-2. Deterioration of bridges
19-3. Bridge Failures
19-4. Defects of bridges and their rectification
(1) Cracks in concrete
(2) Corrosion of structural steel work
(3) Other defects of bridge
19-5. Inspection of bridges
(1) Detailed inspection
(2) Routine inspection
19-6. Posting of bridges
(1) Load limit postings
(2) Speed postings
19-7. Rating of existing bridges
(1) Magnetic particle detector
(2) Radiographic equipment
(3) Ultrasonic testing equipment
19-8. Rebuilding of bridges
(1) Damage
(2) Excessive maintenance cost
(3) Obsolescence
(4) Weathering
19-9. Testing and strengthening of bridges
(1) Correlation method
(2) Load testing
(3) Theoretical method
19-10. Maintenance of the bridges
QUESTIONS 19

APPENDIX : SOME MARVELLOUS BRIDGES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX

Author Name	RANGWALA
Book Edition	17th Edition
ISBN	978-93-85039-72-0
Book Binding	Paperback
Pages	312 + 16 = 328
Size	235 mm × 14 mm × 170 mm
Weight	400 g
Old ISBN	8185594031, 8185594414, 8185594643, 9788185594712, 9788185594880, 9788185594996, 9788192869209, 9789380358239, 9789380358420, 9789380358642, 9789385039089

Bridge Engineering By Rangwala

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